Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of Shugan Jieyu Anshen Prescription combined with Estazolam for chronic insomnia of the liver constraint transforming into fire type and its impact on neurotransmitters. Methods： A total of 106 patients with chronic insomnia of the liver constraint transforming into fire type admitted to Wenzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from January to April 2024 were divided into the trial group and the control group according to the random number table method ， with 53 cases in each group. The control group received treatment with Estazolam， and the trial group was treated with Shugan Jieyu Anshen Prescription based on the treatment of the control group. Both groups had a treatment course of four weeks. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores， Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） scores， Self- Rating Depression Scale （SDS） scores，Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） scores，and levels of neurotransmitters were compared before and after treatment between the two groups；the clinical effects and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results：After treatment，the total effective rate in the trial group was 94.34%（ 50/ 53），which was higher than that of 81.13%（43/53） in the control group （P＜0.05）. After treatment，TCM syndrome scores， the scores of PSQI， SAS， and SDS， and dopamine （DA） levels in the two groups were reduced when compared with those before treatment （P＜0.05）， and the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） and gammaaminobutyric acid （GABA） were increased （P＜0.05）；TCM syndrome scores，the scores of PSQI，SAS，and SDS， and DA level in the trial group were lower than those in the control group （P＜0.05），and the levels of 5-HT and GABA were higher than those in the control group （P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups （P＞0.05）. Conclusion：The combination of Shugan Jieyu Anshen Prescription and Estazolam has a good effect on the treatment of chronic insomnia with the syndrome of the liver constraint transforming into fire， which can effectively improve the sleep quality of patients， improve anxiety and depression， and regulate neurotransmitter levels，with high safety.