Abstract： Objective： To explore the mechanism of action of Camellia plants in treating osteoporosis (OP) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods：The active ingredients of Camellia plants were collected from the HERB and literature；the Swiss Target Prediction database was used to predict the target of active ingredients in Camellia plants； OP disease-related targets were retrieved and downloaded from the GeneCards database. The common targets of active-ingredient targets of Camellia plants and OP disease-related targets were obtained through the Venn diagram. A proteinprotein interaction (PPI) network of common targets between Chinese medicinals and diseases was established on the STRING website，and the PPI network was input into the Cytoscape3.8.1 software for visualization to screen key targets. The common targets were input into the DAVID database for Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Auto Dock Vina software was used to perform molecular docking between core targets and their corresponding active ingredients in Chinese medicinals，and Pymol software was used to visualize the docking results. Results： A total of 134 active ingredients from Camellia plants were obtained， including 16 active ingredients related to OP disease targets，such as quercetin，kaempferol，ethyl gallate， and ethyl salicylate. There were 220 active ingredient targets ， 1 436 OP disease-related targets， and 56 common targets for both. A total of five core targets were obtained，including protein kinase B1 (AKT1)， estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1)， cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2)， mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)， and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). The GO functional enrichment analysis results obtained 169 biological processes (BP)，20 cellular components (CC)，and 60 molecular functions (MF). The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis resulted in 65 related signaling pathways. The molecular docking results showed that the five core targets had good affinity with their corresponding active ingredients in Chinese medicinals. Conclusion：The treatment of OP with Camellia plants is a complex process involving multiple components，targets，and pathways.