Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of YANG Jizhou's acupuncture with needling direction for supplementation/drainage in the treatment of primary insomnia. Methods：A total of 66 patients with primary insomnia were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group，with 33 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with YANG Jizhou's acupuncture with needling direction for supplementation/drainage， and the acupoints of Budewo Formula in Zhen Jiu Da Cheng (The Great Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) were selected； the control group was treated with oral administration of Dexmedetomidine Tablets. Both groups were treated for four weeks to observe the therapeutic effect. The scores of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)， and clinical effects were compared between the two groups after treatment. Results：After treatment，the total scores of PSQI and ISI in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment， and the scores of falling asleep time， sleep efficiency， sleep time， sleep quality， sleep disorders， and daytime function in the two groups were declined when compared with those before treatment，with differences being significant (P＜0.05). After treatment，the total PSQI scores，ISI scores， and the scores of falling asleep time， sleep efficiency， sleep time， sleep quality， sleep disorders， and daytime functional in the treatment group were all lower than those in the control group，with differences being significant (P＜0.05). The total effective rate of clinical effect was 93.94%， and 60.61% in the control group， the differences being significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion： In the treatment of primary insomnia，the therapeutic effect of YANG Jizhou's acupuncture with needling direction for supplementation/ drainage is significantly better than that of oral administration of the western medicine Dexmedetomidine Tablets alone. Moreover， it also has significant advantages in improving the falling asleep time， sleep efficiency， sleep time， sleep quality， sleep disorders， and daytime function of patients with primary insomnia.