Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of Chaihu and Longgu Muli Decoction combined with five phases music therapy for anxiety and depression status in patients after chemotherapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer. Methods： A total of 78 cases of patients with anxiety and depression status after chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method， with 39 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional western medicine，and the observation group was treated with Chaihu and Longgu Muli Decoction combined with five phases music therapy. Clinical effects were compared between the two groups. The scores of Beck Depression Inventory，Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS)，Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD)， Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores， and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA)，as well as the levels of serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)，γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)， and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were compared between two groups before and after treatment. Results：After treatment，the total effective rate was 92.31% in the observation group，higher than that of 74.36% in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment， the scores of Beck Depression Inventory， SDS， and HAMD in the two groups were decreased (P＜0.05)， and the scores of Beck Depression Inventory， SDS， and HAMD in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，the scores of SAS and HAMA in the two groups were decreased (P＜0.05)，and the scores of SAS and HAMA in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment， the levels of serum 5-HT and GABA in the two groups were increased (P＜0.05)， and the levels of serum 5-HT and GABA in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P＜ 0.05)；levels of serum GFAP in the two groups were declined (P＜0.05)，and the level of serum GFAP in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion：Chaihu and Longgu Muli Decoction combined with five phases music therapy can effectively improve the anxiety and depression status in patients after chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer，with significant clinical effects.