Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of Compound Cantharides Capsules combined with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin on advanced non-small cell lung cancer and its influence on serum neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) and B7-H3 levels. Methods： Eighty patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were selected and divided into the control group and the study group according to the random number table method， with 40 cases in each group. The control group was given chemotherapy of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin，and the study group was additionally treated with Compound Cantharides Capsules based on the treatment of the control group. The clinical effects， Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL)， CD3+ ， CD4+ and natural killer (NK) cells， and serum NRP-1 and B7-H3 levels in the two groups were compared. Results：The total effective rate was 75.00% in the study group， and 40.00% in the control group， the intergroup comparison showed that the difference being significant (P＜0.05). After treatment， the scores of MMSE and ADL in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the above two scores in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of CD4+ and NK cells in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and the CD8+ levels were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)； the levels of CD4+ and NK cells in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05)，and the CD8+ level was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of serum NRP-1 and B7-H3 in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and the above two levels in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion：The therapy of Compound Cantharides Capsules combined with chemotherapy of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin has a significant curative effect on advanced non-small cell lung cancer， which can effectively improve the immune function of patients，down-regulate the levels of serum NRP-1 and B7-H3，and improve the cognitive function and activities of daily living.