Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of moxibustion combined with standardized western medicine on pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and its effect on changes of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood. Methods：A total of 104 cases of patients with PTB were selected as the study objects and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method， with 52 cases in each group. The control group was treated with standardized western medicine (2HRZS/ 4HR standard chemotherapy regimen)， and the observation group was additionally treated with moxibustion based on the treatment of the control group. After six months of treatment， clinical effects， lesion absorption rates，sputum negative conversion rates，traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores and changes in the levels of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+，CD4+，CD8+，CD4+/CD8+ ) in peripheral blood were compared between the two groups. Results： The total effective rate was 94.23% in the observation group and 76.92% in the control group，the difference being significant (P＜0.05). The effective rate of lesion absorption was 90.38% in the observation group and 73.08% in the control group， the difference being significant (P＜0.05). The sputum negative conversion rate was 82.69% in the observation group and 61.54% in the control group， the difference being significant (P＜0.05). After treatment， TCM syndrome scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and the TCM syndrome score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment， the levels of CD3+ ， CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and the levels of CD3+ ， CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05)； CD8+ levels in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and the level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion： Moxibustion assisting standardized treatment of 2HRZE/4HR regimen has a definite curative effect in the treatment of PTB， which can significantly promote the absorption of lesions and sputum negative conversion， and effectively improve the clinical symptoms and immune function.