Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of the therapy of Jianpi Ditan Decoction combined with western medicine on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with syndrome of turbid phlegm obstructing the lung. Methods：A total of 78 AECOPD patients with syndrome of turbid phlegm obstructing the lung were retrospectively selected and divided into the control group and the observation group，with 39 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine， and the observation group was treated with Jianpi Ditan Decoction combined with western medicine based on the treatment of the control group. The two groups were treated for 10 days. The clinical effects in the two groups were evaluated， and the lung function， traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome scores，COPD Assessment Test (CAT)，and levels of serum S100 calcium binding protein A8/A9 complex (S100A8/A9) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were compared in the two groups. Results：The total effective rate was 94.87% in the observation group，higher than that of 74.36% in the control group (P＜ 0.05). After treatment， the CAT scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the CAT score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and the percentage of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEV1/FVC) in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and the FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment， the TCM syndrome scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and the TCM syndrome scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，the serum levels of S100A8/A9 and NF-κB in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the serum levels of S100A8/A9 and NF-κB in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion： The therapy of Jianpi Ditan Decoction combined with conventional western medicine has a significant therapeutic effect on AECOPD patients with syndrome of turbid phlegm obstructing the lung，which is conducive to the control of the disease，the improvement of lung function and TCM syndrome scores，and the inhibition of inflammatory response.