Abstract： Objective： To observe the effects of Bailing Capsules combined with Rhubarb and Sodium Bicarbonate Tablets on the vascular endothelial function and levels of micro-inflammatory factors in patients with uremia undergoing hemodialysis. Methods： A total of 60 cases of patients with uremia undergoing hemodialysis were randomly divided into the control group and the trial group，with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Rhubarb and Sodium Bicarbonate Tablets combined with Calcium Carbonate Tablets， and the trial group was treated with Bailing Capsules combined with Rhubarb and Sodium Bicarbonate Tablets. After 4 weeks of treatment， the changes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores，vascular endothelial function indexes [vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF)， and plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1)] and micro-inflammatory factors [C-reactive protein (CRP)， and interleukin-8 (IL-8)] were compared before and after treatment between the two groups. Results：Before treatment，there was no significant difference being found in the comparison of the scores of primary and secondary symptoms of TCM syndromes between the two groups (P＞0.05). After treatment，the scores of primary and secondary symptoms of TCM syndromes in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the above scores in the trial group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Before treatment， there was no significant difference being found in the comparison of the levels of ET-1 and VEGF between the two groups (P＞0.05). After treatment，the levels of VEGF and ET-1 in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜ 0.05)，and the levels of VEGF and ET-1 in the trial group were lower than those in the control group (P＜ 0.05). Before treatment，there was no significant difference being found in the comparison of the levels of CRP and IL-8 between the two groups (P＞0.05). After treatment，the levels of CRP and IL-8 in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the levels of CRP and IL-8 in the trial group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion： The ajuvant treatment of Bailing Capsules combined with Rhubarb and Sodium Bicarbonate Tablets for patients with uremia undergoing hemodialysis can improve their clinical symptoms and vascular endothelial function，and reduce the levels of micro-inflammatory factors.