Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of Chinese medicine fumigation on postmenopausal osteoporosis complicated with low back pain. Methods： A total of 120 patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis complicated with low back pain were selected as the study subjects and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method，with 60 cases in each group. The control group was given routine treatment (Calciums，Vitamin D，and Salmon Calcitonin for Injection)，and the observation group was additionally treated with Chinese medicine fumigation based on the treatment of the control group. The scores of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of pain， Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) of lumbar vertebral function， and Generic Quality of Life Inventory- 74 (GQOLI- 74)，and the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebra were compared before and after treatment between the two groups； the clinical effects and incidence of adverse reactions were also compared between the two groups. Results：After treatment，the VAS scores in the two groups were decreased (P＜ 0.05)，and the VAS score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The total effective rate was 96.67% in the observation group，higher than that of 83.33% in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment， the JOA scores in the two groups were increased (P＜0.05)， and the JOA score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). After follow- up of 3 months，the GQOLI-74 scores in the two groups were increased (P＜0.05)，and the GQOLI-74 scores of physical functioning and mental functioning in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment， the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebral in the two groups was increased (P＜0.05)，and the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebral in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference being found in the comparison of incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion： Chinese medicine fumigation can enhance the clinical effect on postmenopausal osteoporosis complicated with low back pain， further improve the symptoms of low back pain， help recover the lumbar vertebral function， increase the bone mineral density and enhance the quality of life.