Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of Ditan Huayu Lishen Prescription on schizophrenia and its effect on levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in serum. Methods：A total of 94 patients with schizophrenia were divided into the control group and the study group according to the random number table method， with 47 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Olanzapine Tablets and Aripiprazole Tablets，and the study group was treated with the Ditan Huayu Lishen Prescription based on the treatment of the control group. After 3 months of treatment， the clinical effects were compared between the two groups， and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores， Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores，and BDNF levels in serum were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results：The total effective rate was 91.49% in the study group，and 76.60% in the control group， the difference being significant (P＜0.05). After treatment， the negative symptom scores， positive symptom scores， general pathological scores， and total scores of PANSS in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the above scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，the scores of visual space and executive function， orientation， memory， language， attention， naming， abstraction， and total scores of MoCA in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜ 0.05)，and the above scores in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，the BDNF levels in serum in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the BDNF level in serum in the study group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion： The use of Ditan Huayu Lishen Prescription as an adjunctive therapy for schizophrenia can improve clinical effects， improve patients' mental and behavioral symptoms and cognitive function，and effectively regulate the BDNF levels.