Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of modified Suanzaoren Decoction combined with Zopiclone on primary insomnia with insufficiency of liver blood syndrome and its effects on the levels of dopamine (DA) and 5- hydroxytryptamine (HT) in serum. Methods： A total of 108 cases of patients with primary insomnia with liver blood deficiency syndrome were divided into the combination group and the single group according to the random number table method，with 54 cases in each group. The combination group was treated with modified Suanzaoren Decoction combined with Zopiclone， and the single group was simply treated with Zopiclone. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The clinical effects，traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome scores，Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores，polysomnography indexes and the levels of DA and 5-HT in serum were compared between the two groups. Results：After treatment，the total effective rate was 98.15% in the combination group，higher than that of 87.04% in the single group，the difference being significant (P＜0.05). TCM syndrome scores and PSQI scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment， and the above two scores in the combination group were lower than those in the single group，differences being significant (P＜0.05). The sleep latency in the two groups were shortened when compared with those before treatment； the awakening times were reduced when compared with those before treatment；the light sleep time，deep sleep time，total sleep time and rapid eye movement period were prolonged when compared with those before treatment，differences being significant (P＜0.05). The sleep latency in the combination group was shorter than that in the single group；the awakening time was less than that in the single group；the light sleep time，deep sleep time，total sleep time and rapid eye movement period were longer than those in the control group，differences being significant (P＜0.05). The levels of DA and 5-HT in serum in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment， and the above two levels in the combination group were higher than those in the single group， differences being significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion： Modified Suanzaoren Decoction combined with Zopiclone for primary insomnia with insufficiency of liver blood syndrome can improve the sleep quality and regulate the levels of DA and 5-HT in serum.