Objective： To observe the effect of rehabilitation of patients who had undergone percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). Methods：A total of 120 senile patients who had undergone PKP for OVCF were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method， with 60 cases in each group. The control group was given Zoledronic Acid and Calcium Carbonate and Vitamin D3 Tablets for treatment after PKP， and the observation group was additionally treated with Bushen Yipi Zhuanggu Decoction based on the treatment of the control group. The two groups were treated for 6 weeks and followed up for 12 months after PKP. The scores of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA)，curative effects on pain relief，improvement of lumbar vertebral function and incidence of vertebral refracture were compared between the two groups. Results： Twelve weeks after PKP， the VAS scores in both groups were lower than those in the same group one week，two weeks and six weeks after PKP；six weeks after PKP，the VAS scores in both groups were lower than those in the same group one week and two weeks after PKP； two weeks after PKP， the VAS scores in both groups were lower than those in the same group one week after PKP；two weeks，six weeks and twelve weeks after PKP， the VAS scores in the observation group were respectively lower than those in the control group in the same period， differences being significant (P＜0.05). Twelve weeks after PKP， the total effective rate of pain relief was 100% in the observation group， and the comparison with that of 96.67% in the control group showed no significance in the difference (P＞0.05). Twelve weeks after PKP， the JOA scores in both groups were higher than those in the same group one week， two weeks and six weeks after PKP； six weeks after PKP，the JOA scores in both groups were higher than those in the same group one week and two weeks after PKP；two weeks after PKP，the JOA scores in both groups were higher than those in the same group； two weeks， six weeks and twelve weeks after PKP， the JOA scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group in the same period， differences being significant (P＜ 0.05). Twelve weeks after PKP， the total effective rate of improvement of lumbar vertebral function was 98.33% in the observation group， higher than that of 86.67% in the control group， the difference being significant (P＜0.05). Three months，six months and twelve months after PKP，the incidence of vertebral refracture was respectively 0， 4.35% and 6.45% in the observation group， and 1.67% ， 9.30% and 13.79% in the control group， there being no significant differences (P＞0.05). Conclusion： Bushen Yipi Zhuanggu Decoction can accelerate the rehabilitation of senile patients who had undergone PKP for OVCF， effectively mitigate the postoperative pain and improve the lumbar vertebral function. However，its effect on the incidence of vertebral refracture still needs further verification by future study.