Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of Lifei Capsules combined with quadruple antituberculosis regimen for tuberculous pleurisy (TBP)， and its effect on pleural thickness and chemotactic factors in serum. Methods： A total of 98 TBP patients were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method， with 49 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional quadruple anti-tuberculosis regimen，and the observation group was treated with Lifei Capsules combined with conventional quadruple anti- tuberculosis regimen. Both groups were treated continuously for two months. The disappearance time of chest pain and pleural effusion was compared between the two groups. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores， pleural thickness， and interleukin- 10 (IL- 10)， transforming growth factor β (TGF- β)， monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1)，regulatory T cells (Treg)，helper T cells (Th17)，interleukin-17 (IL-17)，and Th17/Treg were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical effects and incidence of adverse reactions were evaluated in the two groups. Results： After two months of treatment， the total effective rate was 95.92% in the observation group，higher than that of 81.63% in the control group (P＜ 0.05). The disappearance time of chest pain and pleural effusion in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The TCM syndrome scores， pleural thickness， and serum levels of IL- 10， IL- 17， TGF- β， MCP- 1， Th17， and Th17/Treg， in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)； and Treg levels were increased (P＜0.05). After treatment，TCM syndrome scores，pleural thickness，and serum levels of IL-10，IL-17，TGF-β，MCP-1， Th17 and Th17/Treg， in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05)，and the Treg level was higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). No adverse reaction was observed in both groups. Conclusion： The combination of Lifei Capsules and quadruple anti- tuberculosis regimen has a definite curative effect on TBP， which can reduce pleural thickness， improve immune function， and regulate levels of chemotactic factors，with high safety.