Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of Compound Xuanju Capsules combined with western medicine for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with kidney yang deficiency syndrome. Methods：A total of 120 cases of RA patients with kidney yang deficiency syndrome were selected and divided into the control group and the treatment group according to the random number table method， with 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with western medicine (Leflunomide Tablets and Methotrexate Tablets)，and the treatment group was additionally treated with Compound Xuanju Capsules based on the treatment of the control group. Both groups were treated for 3 months. The clinical effects，the scores of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome，Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Disease Activity Scores of rheumatoid arthritis (DAS28)， and the levels of anti- cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti- CCP)， erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and rheumatoid factor (RF) in serum were compared between the two groups. Results：After treatment，the total effective rate was 88.33% in the treatment group，higher than that of 73.33% in the control group (P＜0.05). The scores of cold，pain and swelling in joints，poor flexor extension in joints， morning stiffness， soreness and weakness in waist and knees， edema of lower limbs， and frequent and much nocturia in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the above six TCM syndrome scores in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The scores of VAS and DAS28 in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the scores of VAS and DAS28 in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The levels of anti-CCP，ESR，and RF in serum in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the levels of anti-CCP，ESR，and RF in serum in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P＜ 0.05). Conclusion：Compound Xuanju Capsules combined with western medicine for RA with kidney yang deficiency syndrome has a better curative effect than the simple treatment of western medicine. And it can reduce the levels of anti- CCP， ESR， and RF in serum， relieve joint inflammation， and alleviate clinical symptoms of patients.