Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of Tongmai Shujin acupuncture method combined with external application with Tongxiao Mixture for residual low back pain after lumbar interbody fusion. Methods： A total of 96 cases of patients undergoing lumbar interbody fusion and still suffered from low back pain in 3 months after surgery were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method， with 48 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Celecoxib Capsules， and the observation group was treated with Tongmai Shujin acupuncture method combined with external application with Tongxiao Mixture. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks and followed up for 3 months. The clinical effects， the scores of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)，the levels of pain factors [neuropeptide Y (NPY)，substance P (SP)，prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)] and oxidative stress indexes [superoxide dismutase (SOD)，total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)， malondialdehyde (MDA)]，and the recurrence rates were compared between the two groups. The adverse reactions in the two groups were recorded. Results：After treatment，the total clinical effective rate was 91.11% in the observation group，higher than that of 75.00% in the control group (P＜0.05). The scores of ODI and VAS in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and the scores of ODI and VAS in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜ 0.05). The levels of NPY， SP， PGE2， and MDA in serum in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the levels of NPY，SP，PGE2，and MDA in serum in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The levels of SOD and TAOC in serum in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and the levels of SOD and T-AOC in serum in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). During treatment， there was 1 case of nausea in the control group and 1 case of local soreness in the observation group，the adverse reactions being mild. After 3 months of follow-up，there was no recurrence in the observation group and the recurrence rate was 25.00% in the control group，there being no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion：Tongmai Shujin acupuncture method combined with external application with Tongxiao Mixture can relieve residual low back pain after lumbar interbody fusion and improve lumbar function，with good safety and a low recurrence rate.