Abstract： Objective： To observe the effect of Yupingfeng Granules on serum pattern recognition receptor expression of children with recurrent respiratory tract infection with lung- spleen qi deficiency syndrome. Methods： A total of 100 children with recurrent respiratory tract infection with lung- spleen qi deficiency syndrome were selected and divided into the routine treatment group and the Yupingfeng treatment group，with 50 cases in each group，and another 50 cases of healthy children who took health examination at the same period were selected as the normal control group. The routine treatment group was given Bacterial Lysates Capsules for treatment， the Yupingfeng treatment group was treated with Yupingfeng Granules ， and the two groups were treated for 3 months. The normal control group was not given any treatments. The clinical effects between the routine treatment group and the Yupingfeng treatment group as well as the expression levels of serum pattern recognition receptor were compared before and after treatment between the 3 groups. Results：After 3 months of follow-up，the total clinical effective rate was 88.0% in the routine treatment group and 84.0% in the Yupingfeng treatment group， there being no significant difference (P＞0.05). Before treatment，the protein concentration of serum Tolllike receptor 1 (TLR1)，nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2)，cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14)，retinoic acid inducible gene 1(RIG1)，C-type lectins-1 (Dectin 1) and melanoma differentiation related gene 5 (MDA5) in the routine treatment group and the Yupingfeng treatment group were lower than those in the normal control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，the protein concentration of serum TLR1 ， CD14 ， RIG1， Dectin 1 and MDA5 in the routine treatment group and the Yupingfeng treatment group were increased when compared with those before treatment and lower than those in the normal control group (P＜0.05)；the serum NOD2 protein concentration in the routine treatment group was increased when compared with that before treatment and was lower than that in the normal control group (P＜0.05)； there was no significant difference being found in the comparison of serum NOD2 protein concentration before and after treatment in the Yupingfeng treatment group (P＞0.05)； there was no significant difference being found in the comparison of protein concentration of serum TLR1， NOD2， CD14， RIG1， Dectin 1 and MDA5 between the routine treatment group and the Yupingfeng treatment group(P＞0.05). Conclusion： Yupingfeng Granules can effectively treat children with recurrent respiratory tract infection with syndrome of lung-spleen qi deficiency，whose curative effect is comparable to Bacterial Lysates Capsules and it may act by reducing the expression level of serum pattern recognition receptor.