Abstract：The detailed elaboration of the theory of arthralgia syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine was first seen in Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperors's Inner Classic). ZHANG Zhongjing's Shanghan Zabing Lun (Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases) has innovatively developed the theory of arthralgia syndrome on the basis of inheriting the theory of arthralgia syndrome in Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperors's Inner Classic) and according to his medical experience and practice. From the discussion on the etiology， pathogenesis， syndrome differentiation and treatment system of arthralgia syndrome in Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperors's Inner Classic) and Shanghan Zabing Lun (Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases)，it is believed that both classics attribute arthralgia syndrome to deficiency of vital energy and exogenous wind，cold and dampness. The innovative dialectical classification of arthralgia syndrome in Shanghan Zabing Lun (Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases) provides the basis for the creation of many of its classic prescriptions， and makes it different from the simple classification and acupuncture and medicine treatment in Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperors's Inner Classic)， and has its own characteristics. In addition， Nanjing (The Classic of Difficult Issues) has also played a role as a bridge to guide the development of arthralgia syndrome theory from Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperors's Inner Classic) to Shanghan Zabing Lun (Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases). All the above have produced important guiding significance for later doctors to understand and treat arthralgia syndrome.