Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training of mirror motor neuron on aphasia after stroke and its effects on the language function. Methods：A total of 114 patients with aphasia after stroke were selected as the study objects and divided into the study group and the control group according to the random number table method，with 57 cases in each group. The control group was given rehabilitation training of mirror motor neuron， and the study group was additionally treated with scalp acupuncture based on the treatment of the control group. Before and after treatment，the levels of endothelin- 1 (ET-1)，vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)，calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP)，erythrocyte sedimentation rate-K index，reduced viscosity index，erythrocyte aggregation index and whole blood viscosity index were compared between the two groups. The symptoms of aphasia in both groups were tested by Western Aphasia Battery (WAB)，the communication ability was tested by Chinese Functional Communication Profile (CFCP)， and the quality of life was evaluated by Generic Quality of Life Inventory- 74 (GQOLI- 74). The clinical effects were compared between the two groups. Results：Before treatment，there was no significant difference being found in the comparisons of levels of CGRP，ET-1 and VEGF between the two groups (P＞0.05)；after treatment，the levels of CGRP and VEGF in both groups were increased (P＜0.05)，and the ET- 1 levels were decreased (P＜0.05)；the levels of CGRP and VEGF in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05)，and the ET-1 level was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Before treatment，there was no significant difference being found in the comparisons of reduced viscosity index， erythrocyte aggregation index and whole blood viscosity index between the two groups (P＞0.05)；after treatment，the above three indexes in both groups were decreased (P＜0.05)，and the three indexes in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Before treatment， there was no significant difference being found in the comparisons of scores of WAB-Aphasia Quotient (AQ)，CFCP and GQOLI-74 between the two groups (P＞ 0.05)； after treatment， the above three scores in both groups were increased (P＜0.05)， and the three scores in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The total effective rate was 96.49% in the study group，higher than that of 87.72% in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion：Scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training of mirror motor neuron for patients with aphasia after stroke can decrease the ET- 1 level，increase the levels of CGRP and VEGF，regulate the hemorheology indexes of patients，improve the language function and quality of life，and enhance the clinical effect.