Abstract：Objective：To investigate the popularization and literacy level of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) health culture among primary medical and health workers in Henan Province. Methods： The Questionnaires for Chinese Citizens' Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Culture compiled by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine was used. Through stratified multi-stage random sampling， primary medical and health workers from 16 community health service centers and 24 township health centers were selected for online survey. Results：A total of 2 123 primary medical and health workers in Henan Province were investigated，29 unqualified questionnaires were excluded，and 2 094 questionnaires were included in the analysis，with an effective rate of 98.6%. The popularization rate，reading rate，trust rate and action rate of TCM health culture in primary medical and health workers in Henan Province were 96.6% ， 93.9% ， 90.2% and 69.9% respectively. The number of people with TCM health culture literacy was 1 438，accounting for 68.7% of the total. There were significant differences in the popularization rate， reading rate，trust rate and action rate of TCM health culture among primary medical and health workers in different regions， gender， age， education level and professional structure(P＜0.05). The main factors influencing TCM health literacy of primary medical and health workers in Henan Province were region， education level，professional structure and individual monthly income. Among them，the primary medical and health workers in urban，with bachelor's degree or above，with professional structure of medical and public health， and with high monthly income had a higher level of TCM health literacy. Conclusion： The popularization rate and reading rate of TCM health culture among primary medical and health workers in Henan Province are high，but the action rate is low，and there is a separation of knowledge and practice. The main factors affecting the TCM health literacy of primary medical and health workers in this province are the region，education level，professional structure and individual monthly income.