Abstract：To summarize the theoretical basis of treating brain diseases from the liver and the idea of treating brain diseases from the aspects of clearing the liver heat，soothing the liver，nourishing the liver and suppressing the liver in Chinese medicine. The liver and brain are bidirectional，therefore there is a liverbrain axis. The synthesis and metabolites of the liver affect the brain and behavior through the blood circulation， endocrine and nervous system， which is consistent with the idea of treating brain diseases from the liver in Chinese medicine. Combined with the molecular biological mechanism of modern medicine，the modern molecular mechanism of treating brain diseases from the liver in Chinese medicine was elucidated，so as to provide modern medical scientific basis for treating brain diseases from the liver in Chinese medicine.