Abstract： Objective： To analyze the rational use of Chinese patent medicine in pediatric outpatient department and emergency department. Methods： A total of 17 274 prescriptions of Chinese patent medicine issued in pediatric outpatient department and emergency department from December 2020 to November 2021 were selected. The gender， age， diagnosis， traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types， prescription contents and medication dosage in the prescriptions were statistically analyzed. And 5 000 prescriptions were randomly selected and reviewed by the group of the hospital commented on the prescriptions. Results：There were more prescriptions for male children than female children. Children aged 2- 3 years had the most prescriptions，which were mainly used to treat upper respiratory tract infections. The top 10 Chinese patent medicines in the number of use were Feilike Mixture， Xiao'er Chaigui Tuire Granules，Xiao'er Chiqiao Qingre Granules，Xiao'er Jiegan Granules，Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid，Xiao'er Feire Kechuan Granules，Xiao'er Kechuanling Granules，Tongqiao Biyan Granules，Jian'er Qingjie Liquid， Xiao'er Xiaoshi Granules. A total of 169 prescriptions were found to be problematic，with a rate of 3.38%. After checking by pharmacists one by one，the number of prescriptions with inappropriate medication was the largest， with totally 103 prescriptions， accounting for 60.95% of the problem prescriptions， among which repeated medication accounted for the largest proportion，with totally 43 prescriptions；the problem that followed was the non- standard prescriptions， with totally 51 pieces， accounting for 30.18% . Conclusion： The irrational use of Chinese patent medicine exists in pediatric outpatient department and emergency department. It is necessary to strengthen doctors' knowledge of Chinese medicine and enhance their awareness of rational use of medicine.