Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect and mechanism of the therapy of Shengyang Yangxue Tang combined with Pranoprofen Eye Drops on xerophthalmia. Methods： A total of 60 patients with xerophthalmia were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group，with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Pranoprofen Eye Drops，and the observation group was treated with Shengyang Yangxue Tang combined with pranoprofen eye drops. The clinical effects were compared between the two groups. Before and after treatment，the time of tear film，wetting length of tears and the levels of necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)，interleukin-1(IL-1)，matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and interleukin- 1β(IL- 1β) in tears were compared between the two groups；before and after treatment， the symptom scores of foreign body sensation，dry eyes，asthenopia，burning sensation and photophobia in the two groups were evaluated. Results： After treatment， the total effective rate was 96.67% in the observation group，higher than that of 73.33% in the control group. After treatment，the time of tear film and wetting length of tears in the two groups were significantly longer than those in the same group before treatment(P＜0.05)； after treatment， the time of tear film and wetting length of tears in the observation group were significantly longer than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment， the levels of TNF- α，IL-1，MMP-9 and IL-1β in tears in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)； after treatment， the above four levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment，the symptom scores of foreign body sensation， dry eyes， asthenopia， burning sensation and photophobia in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)；after treatment，the above five scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion：The therapy of Shengyang Yangxue Tang combined with Pranoprofen Eye Drops has a significant curative effect on patients with xerophthalmia， and its mechanism may be related to reduction on the expression levels of TNF- α， IL-1， MMP-9 and IL-1β in tears.