Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of the therapy of Zhuanggu Huoxue Tang assisting percutaneous kyphoplasty on thoracolumbar vertebral compression fracture. Methods：A total of 68 patients with thoracolumbar vertebral compression fracture were selected and divided into the control group and the study group according to the random number table method，with 34 cases in each group. The control group was treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP)， and the study group was additionally given adjuvant treatment with Zhuanggu Huoxue Tang based on the treatment of the control group. The clinical effects in the two groups were evaluated. Before and after treatment， the Cobb angles， anterior vertebral height loss，degree of pain and scores of Barthel index were compared between the two groups. Results：The total clinical effective rate was 94.12% in the study group，higher than that of 76.47% in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，the Cobb angles and anterior vertebral height loss in the two groups were lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05)；after treatment，the Cobb angles and anterior vertebral height loss in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment， the scores of Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) for pain were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜ 0.05)， and the score of VAS in the study group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment，the scores of Barthel index were higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05)，and the above score in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion： The therapy of Zhuanggu Huoxue Tang assisting PKP has a definite curative effect on thoracolumbar vertebral compression fracture，which can reduce the Cobb angles and anterior vertebral height loss，relieve the pain of patients， and improve the ability of daily living.