Abstract：Objective：To observe the prevention and treatment effect of modified Wuwei Xiaodu yin for systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) after operation for open fracture of extremities. Methods： A total of 112 cases of patients with open fracture of extremities with intense heat toxin syndrome were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method， with 56 cases in each group. Both groups were given routine symptomatic and supportive treatment as well as sensitive antibiotics during the perioperative period，and were given routine treatment including hemostasis，analgesia and detumescence after operation；the observation group was additionally treated with modified Wuwei Xiaodu yin for seven days. The relief time of swelling and pain，the wound healing time， the hospitalization time， the fracture healing time， and the occurrence of SIRS， multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) and infection in the two groups were compared. The levels of white blood cell count(WBC)，erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)，C-reactive protein(CRP)，procalcitonin(PCT) and interleukin- 6(IL- 6) in peripheral blood were detected at 24 hours， 72 hours and 120 hours respectively after operation. Results： The relief time of swelling and pain， the wound healing time， the hospitalization time and the fracture healing time were shortened when compared with those in the control group(P＜0.05). At 24 hours， 72 hours and 120 hours after operation， the incidences of SIRS in the observation group were lower than those in the control group， and the duration of SIRS symptoms was shorter(P＜0.05，P＜0.01). The total incidence of infection and complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05). At 24 hours after operation， there was no significant difference being found in the comparison of the levels of WBC，ESR，CRP，PCT and IL- 6 between the two groups(P＞0.05)；at 72 hours and 120 hours after operation，the levels of WBC，ESR，CRP，PCT and IL-6 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion： Based on routine therapy during the perioperative period， the additional application of modified Wuwei Xiaodu yin after operation for open fracture of extremities can effectively prevent and treat infection and SIRS，and promote postoperative recovery.