Abstract： Objective： To observe the effect of Yangxin tang combined with olanzapine on irrational beliefs and autobiographical memory of patients with schizophrenia. Methods： A total of 100 cases of patients with schizophrenia were selected as the study objects and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method，with 50 cases in each group. The control group was treated with olanzapine， and the observation group was additionally treated with modified Yangxin tang based on the treatment of the control group. The total curative effective rates，the incidence of adverse reactions，and scores of Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS)，Irrational Belief Scale (IBS)，Autobiographical Memory Test(AMT) and Social Disability Screening Schedule(SDSS) were compared between the two groups. Results：The total effective rate was 72.00% in the observation group，higher than that of 36.00% in the control group， the difference being significant(P＜0.05). After treatment， positive symptoms， negative symptoms， general psychopathology and the total scores of PANSS in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)，and the above scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment，scores of absolute demands，low frustration tolerance，awfulizing，and global evaluations of human worth as well as the total scores of IBS in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the above five scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，scores of positive and negative cue words and the total scores of AMT in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)， and the above three scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment， SDSS scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)， and the SDSS score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 24.00% in the observation group， lower than that of 44.00% in the control group， the difference being significant(P＜0.05). Conclusion： Yangxin tang combined with olanzapine is safe and effective for patients with schizophrenia，which can correct irrational beliefs，help patients establish positive autobiographical memory，and then improve their social function.