Abstract： Yili Xinshu Buyi is a medical book written by XIA Zijun， a civilian Chinese medicine practitioner in Qing dynasty，and Chapter Douzhen Milu is one of the few chapters that records poxes. After sorting out and analyzing，it is found that Chapter Douzhen Milu，which discusses the syndrome differentiation，treatment and prevention of measles and poxes， is short in length but the principles and methods recorded are comprehensive. In the Chapter， the course of measles is divided into three phases，and each phase is given a brief introduction，prescriptions and treating methods respectively，and a total of seven prescriptions are recorded. The course of poxes is divided into six phases，from fever，poxes- appearing， forming of pus， accumulation of pus， restraining of pustule， forming of scab to falling off of scab， and the favorable， dangerous and unfavorable patterns as well as corresponding prognosis are described in detail from the above six phases. The syndromes and treatment are summarized as medical songs that are convenient for memory. There are also diets and care methods for patients with poxes in different periods in this chapter. In the diagnosis and treatment of measles，due to the particularly obvious symptoms of the lung，the treatment should mainly focus on clearing the lung and diffusing the exterior， regulating the stomach and harmonizing the center， without injuring the spleen and stomach during the treatment. In the diagnosis and treatment of poxes，the influence of qi，blood，deficiency and excess on the prognosis should be taken into account， and the treatment should mainly focus on treating it from the qi and blood， so Chinese herbs with functions of scattering wind and releasing the exterior， clearing hear and detoxifying， supplementing qi and nourishing blood， and rectifying qi and fortifying the spleen should be used and modified according to the actual condition of patients，so as to treat the root. After analyzing the prognosis of the disease，it is believed that during the process from poxes appearing to festering and forming of scab， if the poxes start from top to bottom， it indicates a positive prognosis； if they start from feet to lumbar，it indicates a negative prognosis. In general，the academic thoughts in Chapter Douzhen Milu of Yili Xinshu Buyi has important reference value for clinical differentiation and treatment of measles and poxes.