Abstract：Objective：To observe the effect of additional application of Duyiwei pills assisted surgery on the treatment of senile lumbar vertebral compression fractures and its effects on pain score，bone metabolism and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Methods：A total of 68 patients with senile lumbar vertebral compression fractures were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method，with 34 cases in each group. The control group was treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty，and the observation group was additionally treated with Duyiwei pills based on the treatment of the control group. The score of Visual Analog Scale(VAS)， ODI and Chinese medicine syndromes were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The levels of bone metabolism indicators， including bone morphogenetic protein- 2(BMP- 2)， alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and osteocalcin(BGP)， and cytokines， including nerve growth factor(NGF)， platelet- derived growth factor(PDGF) and insulin- like growth factor- 1(IGF- 1) were detected，and the clinical effect and the occurrence of adverse reactions were evaluated. Results：The total effective rate was 97.06% in the observation group，higher than that of 79.41% in the control group，the difference being significant(P＜ 0.05). After treatment， the scores of VAS， ODI and Chinese medicine syndromes in both groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment，and the above scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group， differences being significant(P＜0.05). After treatment， the levels of BMP- 2， ALP and BGP in both groups were increased when compared with those before treatment，and the above levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group，differences being significant(P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of NGF，PDGF and IGF-1 in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment， and the above levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group， differences being significant(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(χ 2=0.731，P=0.393). Conclusion：Duyiwei pills assisted surgery has a significant effect on the treatment of senile lumbar vertebral compression fractures，which can effectively reduce the pain degree， regulate bone metabolism and cytokine levels， promote fracture healing， improve clinical symptoms， and have fewer adverse reactions.