Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of enema with Xiaokui prescription for ulcerative colitis and its effect on C-reactive protein(CRP)，interleukin-6(IL-6)，interleukin-10(IL-10) and interleukin-17(IL-17) in peripheral blood as well as intestinal flora. Methods： A total of 72 cases of patients with ulcerative colitis with dampness- heat accumulation syndrome were selected and divided into the treatment group and the control group according to the random number table method， with 36 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with enema with Xiaokui prescription， and the control group was given mesalazine for anal treatment. Both groups were treated for one month. After one month of treatment， the clinical effects in the two groups were compared. Before and after treatment， the changes in Chinese medicine syndrome scores， Disease Activity Index(DAI)， Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire(IBDQ)， Baron endoscopic scores，Geboes scores，the levels of IL- 6，IL- 10，IL- 17 and CRP in peripheral blood，as well as intestinal escherichia coli，lactobacillus and bifidobacteria in the two groups were observed. Results：After treatment，the scores of Chinese medicine syndromes and DAI in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment，and IBDQ scores were increased；the scores of Chinese medicine syndromes and DAI in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group， and IBDQ score was higher， differences being significant(P＜0.05). After treatment， Baron endoscopic scores and Geboes scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment，and the scores in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group，differences being significant(P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of CRP，IL- 6 and IL- 17 in peripheral blood in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment，and the levels of IL-10 were increased；the levels of CRP，IL-6 and IL-17 in peripheral blood in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group，and the level of IL-10 was higher，differences being significant (P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of escherichia coli in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment， and the levels of lactobacillus and bifidobacteria were increased； the level of escherichia coli in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group， and the levels of lactobacillus and bifidobacteria were higher， differences being significant(P＜0.05). The total effective rate was 94.4% in the treatment group，higher than that of 77.8% in the control group， the difference being significant(P＜0.05). Conclusion： The application of enema with Xiaokui prescription for ulcerative colitis can regulate the balance of inflammatory factors and intestinal flora，reduce the inflammatory responses of intestinal mucosa and relieve clinical symptoms.