Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of the therapy of Tanreqing injection combined with thymosin α1 on patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD). Methods： A total of 92 patients with AECOPD were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method， with 46 cases in each group. The control group was given routine treatment， and the observation group was additionally given Tanreqing injection combined with thymosin α1 based on the routine treatment. The clinical effects， immune function，inflammatory markers，the lung function，indexes of arterial blood gas analysis and adverse reactions in the two groups were compared. Results： After treatment， the total effective rate was 93.48% in the observation group， higher than that of 78.26% in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of procalcitonin(PCT)，C-reactive protein (CRP)，white blood count(WBC)，tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)，CD8+，and partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2) in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)，and the levels of CD3+，CD4+，CD4+/ CD8 + ， arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)， forced vital capacity(FVC)， forced expiratory volume in the one second (FEV1)， and FEV1/FVC were increased(P＜0.05)； the levels of PCT， CRP， TNF- α， WBC， CD8 + and PaCO2 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05)，and the levels of CD3+，CD4+，CD4+/CD8+，PaO2， FEV1， FVC and FEV1/FVC were higher(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference being found in the comparison of incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion：The therapy of Tanreqing injection combined with thymosin α1 for patients with AECOPD can effectively reduce the inflammatory responses and improve the immune function，index of arterial blood gas and the lung function.