Abstract：The onset of pulmonary fibrosis is not clear，whose etiology is complex，and there is no specific drug for it at present. Modern studies have shown that the process of pulmonary fibrosis involves a variety of cell transduction signal pathways， such as transforming growth factor- β1(TGF- β1) /Smad， mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)， Wnt/β- catenin，etc，and various cytokines play an important role in it. Through consulting a large number of literature，it is found that the occurrence and development of pulmonary fibrosis are closely related to three types of cytokines： matrix metall oproteinase(MMPs)/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMPs)， T helper cell 1(Th1)/T helper cell 2(Th2)， and urokinasetype plasminogen activator(uPA)/plasminogen activator inhibitor- 1(PAI- 1). What's more， single Chinese medicine component can interfere with the process of pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the balance of these cytokines，thus playing a role in preventing and treating pulmonary fibrosis to a certain extent.