Abstract： Objective： To observe the curative effect of rhubarb aphid capsules assisting antivirus for chronic hepatitis B(CHB). Methods：A total of 97 cases of CHB patients were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method， 47 and 50 cases in each group respectively. The control group was given antiviral therapy， and the observation group was treated with rhubarb aphid capsules assisting antivirus. Before treatment and after six-month treatment，the changes in liver function levels，liver fibrosis indexes and expression of T cell subsets in the two groups were compared. Results：After treatment，the levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)，aspartate aminotransferase(AST)，total bilirubin(TBiI)，laminin(LN)，hyaluronic acid(HA)，type III procollagen(PCIII)，collagen IV(Ⅳ-C) and CD8+ as well as the loads of hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid(HBV-DNA) in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)， and the levels of CD3 + ， CD4 + and CD4 +/CD8 + were increased(P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of ALT，AST，TBiI，HA，LN，Ⅳ-C，PCIII，CD8+ and HBV-DNA load in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05)，and the levels of CD3 +，CD4 + and CD4 +/CD8 + were higher(P＜0.05). Conclusion：The therapy of rhubarb aphid capsules assisting antivirus has significant effect in treating CHB patients，which can effectively improve their liver function and liver fibrosis， reduce HBV- DNA load， regulate lymphocyte subsets， and enhance the immune function.