Abstract： Objective： To observe the curative effect of modified Qifu yin on mild- to- moderate vascular dementia(VD) with syndrome of kidney deficiency and marrow depletion. Methods：A total of 70 cases of patients with mild-to-moderate VD were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method， 35 cases in each group. Both groups were given routine treatment； the control group was additionally given piracetam injection，and the observation group was additionally given modified Qifu yin based on the treatment of the control group. After three- month treatment，cognitive ability and Chinese medicine syndrome score were compared between the two groups. The curative effect was evaluated in the two groups. Results：When compared with those before treatment in the same group， scores of Mini mental state(MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA) in the two groups were increased after treatment(P＜0.05)， and the Chinese medicine syndrome scores of intelligence decline， soreness and weakness of the waist and knees，fatigue，and a desire for lying down were decreased(P＜0.05). After treatment，scores of MMSE and MoCA in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05)，and the Chinese medicine syndrome scores of intelligence decline， soreness and weakness of the waist and knees， fatigue， and a desire for lying down were lower(P＜0.05). After treatment，the total effective rate was 91.43% in the observation group，higher than that of 68.57% in the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion：Modified Qifu yin has a significant curative effect on mild- to- moderate VD with sea of marrow depletion syndrome， which can improve cognitive function and main symptoms of sea of marrow depletion syndrome.