Abstract：Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are discussed from several perspectives in Chinese medicine，including etiology and pathogenesis， constitution theory， syndrome differentiation， theory linking between Chinese and western medicine as well as Chinese medicine treatment. It is known that spiritual depression，work and rest disorders，diet disorder and congenital deficiency can lead to these two diseases， and phlegm- damp and static blood are related pathological products during the developing process of the two diseases. In clinical syndrome differentiation， the common syndrome types of the two diseases are phlegm-damp accumulation type，static blood obstructing the collaterals type and deficiency of both yin and yang type.The conclusion can provide more precise and comprehensive syndrome differentiation and treatment in Chinese medicine clinic，and more ideas in treating hypertension and diabetes mellitus with integrated Chinese and western medicine.