Abstract： Objective： To study the differences in microRNA(miRNA) expression profile of serum in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer of different Chinese medicine syndrome types. Methods：A total of nine patients diagnosed with nonsmall cell lung cancer by pathology were divided into three groups according to the diagnostic criteria of Chinese medicine syndrome type of lung cancer，including patients of qi and yin deficiency type，patients of spleen deficiency and phlegmdampness type，and patients of qi stagnation and blood stasis type. Three healthy physical examinees were selected as the control group. The miRNA expression profile of serum in each group were detected by high-throughput sequencing，and the differentially expressed miRNAs were screened out. The results were verified by real- time fluorescence quantitative PCR， and the target genes were predicted and bioinformatics analyzed. Results：A total of 791，707，773 and 846 mature miRNA were respectively identified in the healthy control group，patients of qi and yin deficiency type，patients of spleen deficiency and phlegm- dampness type， and patients of qi stagnation and blood stasis type. Through difference analysis among miRNAs，it was found that four miRNAs，including hsa-miR-103a-3p，hsa-miR-103b，hsa-miR-139-5p and hsa-miR- 532-5p，were only significantly expressed in the serum of patients of qi and yin deficiency type；fifteen miRNAs，such as hsa-miR-142-3p，hsa-miR-15b-5p，hsa-miR-16-5p，hsa-miR-18a-3p，etc.，were only significantly expressed in the serum of patients of qi stagnation and blood stasis type；eighteen miRNAs，such as hsa-let-7d-5p，hsa-miR-106b-5p， hsa- miR- 107 and hsa- miR- 17- 5p，etc.，were only significantly expressed in the serum of patients of spleen deficiency and phlegm- dampness type. The results of real- time fluorescence quantitative PCR were consistent with those of highthroughput sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that target genes regulated by differentially expressed miRNA were mainly involved in biological processes such as cell cycle，apoptosis，cell signaling，and biological regulation. Conclusion： There are significant differences in the microRNA expression profile of serum in patients of different Chinese medicine syndrome types of lung cancer， indicating that miRNA may play different regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of patients through target genes.