Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of Bushen Jianpi tang for schizophrenia(SCH) with the spleen-kidney deficiency syndrome and its effect on cognitive function. Methods： A total of 200 cases of SCH patients with the spleenkidney deficiency syndrome were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group， 100 cases in each group. The control group was given the oral administration of aripiprazole； the observation group was additionally given Bushen Jianpi tang based on the treatment of the control group. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. The scores of Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS) and Matrics Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB) before and after treatment were observed and compared between the two groups. The total clinical effect and adverse reactions in the two groups were counted. Results： The total effective rate was 93.00% in the observation group and 82.00% in the control group， the difference being significant(P＜0.05). After treatment， the scores of general psychopathology， negative symptoms and positive symptoms in the two groups were significantly decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)， and each score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment，the scores of Trail Making Test， mazes subtest， managing emotions branch， spacial span subset， Continuous Performance Test，number sequencing subtest，Hopkins Verbal Learning Test- Revised，and Brief Visual Memory Test- Revised in the observation group were increased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)；the scores of Trail Making Test， managing emotions branch，spacial span subset，and Continuous Performance Test were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment，in the control group，only the scores of Trail Making Test，mazes subtest，and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test- Revised were increased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05). Conclusion： Bushen Jianpi tang in adjuvant therapy of SCH patients with the spleen- kidney deficiency syndrome，can effectively improve their cognitive function and clinical effect.