Abstract：The theory the kidney governing bones has theoretical and clinical significance in prevention and treatment of intraosseous balance disorder. As the key neuroendocrine system of the body，hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis is closely related to bone metabolism. The study found that different types of patients with the kidney deficiency share a common trait， namely， HPA axis dysfunction， which indicates that the kidney essence is partly relevant with HPA axis function. The nature of the theory the kidney governing bones through further study on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-bonerelated cell axis was discussed. It is expected to provide clues and basis for coordinated development of theory of Chinese medicine and modern allopathy.