Abstract： Objective： To observe the curative effect of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei prescription on cytokines in serum and organ injury in patients with paraquat poisoning. Methods：A total of 90 patients with paraquat poisoning were divided into the control group and the observation group， 45 cases in each group. The control group was treated with routine treatment according to doctor's advice， and the observation group was additionally treated with Radix et Rhizoma Rhei prescription based on the treatment of the control group. The levels of cytokines including interleukin-10(IL-10)，tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α)， and transforming growth factor- β1(TGF- β1) in serum were compared between the two groups twelve hours， twenty four hours， three days， and seven days after treatment respectively. At the same time， the organ injury， clinical effect and case fatality rate were compared. Results：Twenty four hours，three days，and seven days after treatment，the levels of IL- 10，TNF- α and TGF- β1 in the observation group were better than those in the control group，the difference being significant(P＜0.05). The total incidence of organ injury in the observation group was 33.33% (15/45)， which was significantly lower than that of 62.22% in the control group(28/45)， the difference being significant(P＜0.05). The total effective rate and case fatality rate in the observation group were 86.67%(39/45) and 13.33%(6/45) respectively，which were better than that of 75.56%(34/45) and 24.44%(11/45) in the control group respectively，the difference being significant(P＜0.05). Conclusion：The additional early application of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei prescription based on routine treatment according to doctor's advice for patients with paraquat poisoning，can reduce the organ injury of patients and decrease the mortality at the same time.