Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of Bushen Shengxue tang combined with routine western medicine therapy for children with aplastic anemia(AA) with kidneyyin deficiency syndrome. Methods：A total of 90 cases of AA patients were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group， 45 cases in each group. The control group was treated with cyclosporine soft capsules and stanozolol tablets， and the observation group was additionally treated with modified Bushen Shengxue tangbased on the treatment of the control group. Both groups were treated for six months. The changes of the levels of white blood cell(WBC) count， red blood cell(RBC) count， absolute neutrophil count(ANC)， hemoglobin(Hb) and platelet(BPC) as well as the scores of kidneyyin deficiencysyndrome before and after treatment in the two groups were observed and compared；and the clinical effect in the two groups was recorded. Results：The total effective rate was 100% in the observation group and 86.67% in the control group，the difference being significant(P＜0.05)，and the curative effect in the observation group was better than that in the control group. After treatment，the levels of WBC，RBC，Hb and BPC in peripheral blood in the two groups were significantly increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and the above levels in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment，thescores of kidneyyin deficiency syndrome in the two groups were significantly decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)，and the score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion： Based onroutine treatment of CsA， the additional application of Bushen Shengxue tang for AA children with kidneyyin deficiency syndrome can enhance the hematopoietic ability of bone marrow and improve the Chinese medicine syndromes，whose curative effect is better than that of simple western medicine.