Abstract：Objective：To observe the effect of Jiehe pills on sputum negative conversion and the levels of interferon- γ(IFN- γ) and interleukin- 17(IL- 17) in initial treatment for patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods： A total of 100 cases of patients with initial treatment for smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method，50 cases in each group. The control group was treated with routine antituberculosis medicine，and the observation group was additionally treated with Jiehe pills based on the treatment of the control group. In the 2nd，5th，and 6th month after treatment，the effective rate of clinical symptoms，the rate of sputum negative conversion，the focus absorption rate，and the levels of IFN- γ and IL-17 in serum in the two groups were observed and compared. The incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups was observed. Results：In the 2nd and 5th month after treatment，the effective rate of clinical symptoms，the rate of sputum negative conversion and the focus absorption rate in the observation group were higher than those in the control group，differences being significant(P＜0.05)；in the 6th month after treatment， the above rates in the observation group were slightly higher than those in the control group，but there being no significance in differences(P＞0.05). Before treatment，there was no significant difference being found in the comparison of the levels of IFN- γ and IL- 2 in serum between the two groups(P＞0.05). After treatment，the levels of IFN-γ in serum in the two groups were increased，and the levels of IL-2 were decreased；the improvement in the observation group was better than that in the control group；differences being significant(P＜0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 6.0% in the observation group and 10.0% in the control group，there being no significance in differences(P＞0.05). Conclusion：Jiehe pills has satisfying curative effect in the initial treatment for patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis，which can promote sputum negative conversion and focus absorption，and improve their clinical symptoms and the levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 in serum，with clinical safety and effectiveness.