Abstract：Based on the theory of reinforcing the healthy qi and eliminating the pathogenic factors，the authors discussed the feasibility of acupuncture and moxibustion affecting intestinal mucosal barrier protected by innate lymphoid cells. It is believed that innate lymphoid cells are involved in bacterial infection response，host defense and immune response，which is an important process to realize the normal function of intestinal mucosal barrier. The complete mucosal barrier function is the basis of important theories of “reinforcing the healthy qi and eliminating the pathogenic factors” and “treating disease before it arises” in Traditional Chinese medicine. The therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion may stimulate innate lymphoid cells by affecting the secretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide，and improve intestinal mucosal barrier function to prevent and treat diseases.