Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of Qingnao Yangxin tang for primary insomnia. Methods：A total of 120 cases of patients with primary insomnia were selected as the study objects and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method，60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with alprazolam tablets， and the observation group was treated with Qingnao Yangxin tang. Both groups were treated for five weeks. Before and after treatment，the scores of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)，Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS) and Sleep Dysfunction Rating Scale(SDRS) in the two groups were compared. Results：After treatment for two and five weeks and after follow- up for four and six weeks respectively， the scores of PSQI， ESS and SDRS in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment，and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at the same period，differences being significant(P＜0.05). At different time points after treatment，the scores of PSQI，ESS and SDRS in patients of different types in the observation group showed significance in differences (P＜0.05)，and the above three scores from low to high were vigorous fire due to yin deficiency type，phlegm-heat harassing the interior type and heart-spleen deficiency type. At different time points after treatment，there was no significant difference being found in the comparison of the scores of PSQI， ESS and SDRS in patients of different types in the control group (P＞0.05). Conclusion：The curative effect of Qingnao Yangxin tang for primary insomnia is better than that of alprazolam tablets. It can improve the sleep quality of patients，and has the best effect on patients with primary insomnia of vigorous fire due to yin deficiency type.