Abstract： Objective： To observe the effect of Buyang Huanwu tang on levels of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)， vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor 1(SDF-1) in peripheral blood，neurological function and activities of daily living in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods： A total of 71 cases of patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into the study group and the control group according to the random number table method，35 and 36 cases in each group respectively. The control group was treated with aspirin enteric- coated tablets， atorvastatin tablets and medicines improving cerebral metabolism and cerebral circulation，and the study group was additionally treated with Buyang Huanwu tang based on the treatment of the control group. Both groups were treated for 14 days. During treatment， two cases of patients in the study group were lost， and five in the control group were lost. Before and after treatment，the levels of EPCs，VEGF and SDF-1 in peripheral blood in the two groups were detected and compared. Before treatment，on the 14th day of treatment，and on the 30th and 60th days of follow- ups respectively，the scores of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) and Modified Barthel Index(MBI) in the two groups were counted and compared. Results：After treatment，the levels of EPCs，VEGF and SDF-1 in peripheral blood in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)，and the levels in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). On the 14th day of treatment and the 30th and 60th days of follow-ups，the NIHSS scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)，and the MBI were increased(P＜0.05)；the NIHSS scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group at the same period(P＜0.05)， and the MBI were higher(P＜ 0.05). Conclusion： Buyang Huanwu tang for patients with acute cerebral infarction can improve symptoms of neurologic impairment and activities of daily living，whose mechanism may be related to the increase of levels of EPCs，VEGF and SDF- 1 in peripheral blood.