Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of Buyang Huanwu tang in the treatment of distal radius fracture complicated with median nerve injury. Methods：A total of 60 patients with distal radius fracture(Colles fracture) complicated with median nerve injury were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group，30 patients in each group. Patients in both groups were adopted with splint fixation after Chinese medicine manipulation to restore position. The observation group was additionally treated with Buyang Huanwu tang，while the control group was additionally treated with mecobalamin tablets. Both groups were treated for three courses，three weeks being one course. The levels of glial celllinederived neurotrophic factor(GDNF)，Cystein-asparate protease-3(Caspase-3) and the rehabilitation of peripheral nerve after treatment of three weeks，nine weeks and six months in the two groups were observed and compared. Results：After three and nine weeks of treatment，the total effective rates were 73.3% and 83.3% in the observation group and 40.0% and 70.0% in the control group， respectively， the difference being significant(P＜0.05). After six months of treatment， the total effective rate was 96.7% in observation group and 86.7% in control group， there being no significant difference(P＞0.05). After three weeks，nine weeks and six months of treatment，the levels of GDNF in serum in the observation group were higher than those in the control group respectively， the difference being significant(P＜0.05). After three weeks of treatment，the level of Caspase-3 in serum was similar between the two groups，there being no significant difference(P＞ 0.05)；after nine weeks and six months of treatment，the levels of Caspase-3 in serum in the observation group were lower than those in the control group respectively(P＜0.05). Conclusion： Buyang Huanwu tang has definite therapeutic effect in treating patients with distal radius fracture complicated with median nerve injury，which can significantly improve the levels of GDNF and Caspase-3 and promote their recovery.