Objective：To discuss the effect of modified prescription of Xiaoyao powder on function of ocular surface and cytokines in serum of senile patients with dry eye.Methods：A total of 86 cases of senile patients with dry eye were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method，43 cases in each group.The control group was treated with tobramycin and dexamethasone eye drops，and the observation group was additionally treated with modified prescription of Xiaoyao powder decocted with water based on the treatment of the control group.The scores of symptoms and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)，interferon-γ(IFN-γ)，vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)， pigment epithelium-derived factor(PEDF)， insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)， tissue factor(TF)，CD3+，CD4+and CD8+in the two groups were observed.The quality of life was evaluated by the Scale of Quality of Life for Patients with Visual Impairment(SQOL-DVI)and National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire(NEI-VFQ-25).The clinical effect and adverse reactions in the two groups were observed.Results：The total effective rate was 95.35% in the observation group，higher than that of 81.40% in the control group(P ＜ 0.05).After treatment，the scores of dry mouth and dry eye in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P ＜ 0.05)，and the above two scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P ＜ 0.05).After treatment，the levels of TNF-α and PEDF in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜ 0.05)，and the levels of IFN-γ，VEGF，IGF-1 and TF were increased when compared with those before treatment(P ＜ 0.05)；the levels of TNF-α and PEDF in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P ＜ 0.05)，and the levels of IFN-γ，VEGF，IGF-1 and TF in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P ＜ 0.05).After treatment，the levels of CD3+，CD4+and CD4+/CD8+in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment(P ＜ 0.05)，and the levels of CD8+in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P ＜ 0.05)；the levels of CD3+，CD4+and CD4+/CD8+in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P ＜ 0.05)，and the level of CD8+was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment，the scores of NEI-VFQ-25 and SQOL-DVI in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment(P ＜ 0.05)，and the above two scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion：The modified prescription of Xiaoyao powder has good curative effect in treating dry eye of senile patients，which can effectively relieve symptoms，inhibit many cytokines in retina and inflammatory responses，mediate the formation of new blood vessels and improve immune function，with safety and reliability.