Objective：To observe the effect of Shenfu prescription on complications of neurogenic pulmonary edema(NPE)in rats with traumatic brain injury(TBI)during mild hypothermia(MH)treatment.Methods：Established the TBI models of 120 rats，and divided them into the model group，the MH group，the Chinese herbal medicine group and the group of MH combined with Chinese herbal medicine randomly，30 rats in each group.Rats in the model group received the tail intravenous injection with saline，rats in the MH group received the tail intravenous injection with saline combined with MH treatment，rats in the Chinese herbal medicine group received the tail intravenous injection with Shenfu injection，and rats in the group of MH combined with Chinese herbal medicine received the tail intravenous injection with Shenfu injection combined with MH treatment，once a day and for 3 days continuously.Observed the quality and severity of NPE，measured the wet to dry weight ratio in lung tissues of NPE rats，detected the content of interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Results：Comparing with the model group，the incidence of NPE，lung wet weight，wet to dry weight ratio of lung and the content of IL-6 and TNF-α in lung tissues of rats in the MH group were significantly increased，differences being significant(P ＜ 0.05).Comparing with the MH group，the incidence of NPE，lung wet weight，wet to dry weight ratio of lung and the content of IL-6 and TNF-α in lung tissues of rats in the Chinese herbal medicine group and the group of MH combined with Chinese herbal medicine were significantly decreased，differences being significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion：Shenfu prescription can reduce the incidence and severity of NPE in TBI rats during MH，and its functional mechanism may be that Shenfu prescription promotes the immunity of the body so as to release NPE on the ground that its yang-warming and qi-replenishing function antagonizes the stagnation of yin and cold during MH.