Objective：To analyze whether there is difference of the white blood cells count，the proportion and absolute value of monocytes，the proportion and absolute value of neutrophils and hemoglobin concentration among patients with the primary immune thrombocytopenia(ITP)of four Chinese medicine syndrome types.Method：Collected 139 cases of patients with ITP，and divided them into four groups according to syndrome differentiation types，including 77 cases in the group of syndrome of failure of qi to contain blood，16 cases in the group of syndrome of bleeding due to blood-heat，34 cases in the group of syndrome of yin deficiency and internal heat，and 12 cases in the group of syndrome of internal blockade of staticblood.Detected the white blood cells count，the proportion and absolute value of monocytes，the proportion and absolute value of neutrophils and hemoglobin concentration，and analyzed the difference of the indexesamong the Chinese medicine syndrome types.Results：The comparisons of the proportion and absolute value of monocytes，the proportion of neutrophils and hemoglobin concentration among the four groups showed significance in differences(P＜0.01，P＜0.05).In terms of the proportion and absolute value of monocytes： syndrome of bleeding due to blood-heat＞syndrome of yin deficiency and internal heat＞syndrome of failure of qi to contain blood＞syndrome of internal blockade of static blood.The values in the group of syndrome of failure of qi to contain blood were lower than those in the group of syndrome of bleeding due to blood-heat，and were higher than those in the group of syndrome of internal blockade of static blood.The values in the group of syndrome of bleeding due to blood-heat were higher than those in the group of syndrome of yin deficiency and internal heat，group of syndrome of failure of qi to contain blood and group of syndrome of internal blockade of static blood.The values in the group of syndrome of yin deficiency and internal heat were higher than those in the group of syndrome of internal blockade of static blood，and were lower than those in the group of syndrome of bleeding due to blood-heat，differences being significant(P＜0.01，P＜0.05).In terms of the proportion of neutrophils：the values in the group of syndrome of internal blockade of static blood were highest.The values in the group of syndrome of failure of qi to contain blood were higher than those in the group of syndrome of yin deficiency and internal heat，bleeding due to blood-heat，the values in the group of syndrome of yin deficiency and internal heat were lower than those in the group of syndrome of internal blockade of static blood，differences being significant(P＜0.05).In terms of hemoglobin concentration：the values in the group of syndrome of yin deficiency and internal heat were the lowest，which were lower than those in the group of syndrome of failure of qi to contain blood，differences being significant(P＜0.01).Conclusion：The detection of the proportion and absolute value of monocytes and hemoglobin concentration in peripheral blood can provide objective reference for the syndrome differentiation of patients with ITP.