To observe the effect of Shenyan Xiaobai(SYXB)granules on Nephrin protein expression of nephritis models of rats in renal tissue，and investigate its mechanism.Methods：Divided 100 Wistar male rats into the blank group，the model group，Lotensin group，Chinese medicine low-dose group，and Chinese medicine high-dose group randomly，20 rats in each group.Except the blank group，the other groups were given adriamycin by means of disposable tail vein injection to establish rat models of nephritis proteinuria.The blank group and the model group were given 2 mL/d of distilled water by gavage，and the Lotensin group was given 0.90 mg/kg of Lotensin by gavage，while the Chinese medicine low-dose group and the Chinese medicine high-dose group were respectively given 3.60 g/kg and 1.80 g/kg of SYXB granules，once a day，6 times a week.The administration lasted for 7 weeks in total.Collected random urine of rats，and detected excretion of urine protein.Three rats and their right kidney were respectively collected at the end of 3rdweek and 5thweek，and the right kidney of the rest rats were all collected at the end of 7thweek.Detected the Nephrin protein expression of kidney tissue of rats by using immunohistochemistry，and observed histopathological changes of kidney by using HE staining.Results：Comparing with that of the blank group，urine albumin/urinary creatinine ratio of rats in each time point in the model group was significantly increased，while the Nephrin protein expression of kidney tissue was obviously decreased，differences being significant(P＜0.05，P＜0.01).Comparing with that of the model group，urine albumin/urinary creatinine ratio of rats in each time point in the Lotensin group was significantly decreased，while the Nephrin protein expression of kidney tissue was evidently increased；urine albumin/urinary creatinine ratio of rats at 3th，4th，5th，6thand 7thweek in the Chinese medicine high-dose group was significantly decreased，while the Nephrin protein expression of kidney tissue in each time point was evidently increased，differences being significant(P＜0.05).Comparing with that of the Lotensin group，urine albumin/urinary creatinine ratio of rats at 5th， 6thand 7thweek in the Chinese medicine high-dose group was lower， differences being significant(P＜0.05).Comparing with that at the end of 3rdweek，Nephrin protein expression of kidney tissue in each time point in the Lotensin group，the Chinese medicine high-dose and the Chinese medicine low-dose group was significantly increased，differences being significant(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion：SYXB granules can repair damaged podocytes from multiple locations by up-regulating the expression of Nephrin protein expression of kidney tissue of rat with Adriamycin nephropathy.In the treatment of proteinuria of rat with Adriamycin nephropathy，SYXB granules was significantly better than Lotensin，and the high-dose group of SYXB granules was better than the low-dose one.