Abstract：Objective：To explore the microscopic factors that differentiate Chinese medicine syndrome in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B whose alanine aminotransferase(ALT) were less than twice the upper limit of reference value(ALT<2×ULN) by elucidating the essence of Chinese medicine syndromes through referring to liver pathological indexes. Methods：A total of 300 patients with chronic hepatitis B(ALT < 2×ULN) were differentiated into Chinese medicine syndrome and were classified and staged their liver tissue pathology；the relationship between Chinese medicine syndrome and liver pathology was discussed. Results： According to the liver tissue of all patients， the grade of liver inflammation≥G2 accounted for 46.00% ，and the liver fibrosis stage≥S2 accounted for 38.67%；patients whose hepatic tissue pathology≤G2 or ≤S2 were mainly with no differentiated syndrome or syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency. The grading of liver inflammation(G) and/or grading of fibrosis stage(S) in patients with different Chinese medicine syndromes were statistically significant in differences(P<0.01). The degree of liver inflammation and fibrosis was more serious in the patients of static blood obstructing collaterals type than in the patients of non-static blood obstructing collaterals type，the difference being significant (P＜0.01). The degree of liver tissue inflammation in the patients of static blood obstructing collaterals type was mainly G3 and G4， while the degree of liver tissue fibrosis was mainly S4. Conclusion： There is a certain correlation between Chinese medicine syndrome type and liver pathology.